First, I want to make it very clear that I am not a nurse or any other type of healthcare worker. I have had no formal training as a caregiver. The tips I am sharing below are just what I have learned in my experience as a caregiver in a hospice situation. I had no hands-on caregiver duties when my father died, he was out of state; however, my mother shared many tips she learned along the way when I would visit.
CHOOSE EARLY
Do not wait until you need hospice to choose a hospice provider. Do your homework early. Decide if you want in-home hospice, hospice via the hospital if available, or a hospice facility. There is no “right” choice, it is what works for the patient and family. Once hospice is needed, you will already have a provider in mind and will not have to walk blindly into that decision.
BED PLACEMENT
If you are doing in-home hospice for a terminal patient, find a way to put the hospital bed in a public room. Furniture can always be temporarily moved. Do not put the bed in their bedroom, etc. Having them in a prominent place in the home allows you to stay connected to the patient and to those coming to say their goodbyes to same. Since hearing is the last of the senses to go, the patient is also able to be part of the visit even if they cannot or do not contribute.
I have visited family and friends that were set up in their bedroom. It was awkward to go into their private space to visit. I felt like a trespasser. Also, being in the bedroom limits places for guests to sit. This means visits will be short and the caregiver will not be able to benefit fully from the visit.
NOTE: Most hospital beds used in the home are Twin XL. It is best to have at least two sets of sheets ready for when the patient comes home. If you will use disposable bed pads (washable pads are available and can eliminate a “draw sheet”), have three or four additional top sheets to use as a “draw sheet” under the patient (used to roll the patient, pull them higher up in the bed, etc.).
SET UP A STATION
Have a place close to the bed for items that will be needed – diapers, wipes, lotion, bed pads, etc. It can be a table or moveable shelves, I believe it best to not use closed storage, if at all possible. Having it easily accessible as well as readily seen, by the nurse or aide, is most helpful.
A separate station to keep medications is best. A table that allows you to keep them out and available (if children are in the house keep medications out of reach or in a locked box). It is best if you can sit to crush pills, log what medications you are giving and the time given. The timer on your phone (or a kitchen timer) will be most helpful in reminding you when to give the next dose – fatigue can easily cause you to skip a dose.
RECRUIT SOME HELP
You may not be able to have someone with you all the time but find someone to help you. They can be available to cook/bring you food. They may just come to stay with the patient long enough for you to shower and change clothes. They can also be a great distraction for you. Your in-home hospice provider will be able to assist you if you do not have family or friends available.
My husband was invaluable to me. He checked on me often, he was working from home. He brought me food and little treats. My sister came in for a few days, as did my brother and sister in-love. Even if they did nothing, which they were very helpful, just having them here was a great diversion and a balm to my weary body and mind. You may not feel like entertaining but allow people to help you. Do not rob others of the blessing of helping you and having final moments alone with the patient.
USE A COVERED TRASH CAN
Most hospice coordinators will advise you to get a trash can with a cover. As the body starts to “shut down” the ammonia smell gets stronger.
We had a stainless, foot operated trash can next to the bed. The lid closed tight. I have found that when the lid goes up, to deposit a soiled diaper and/or bed pad, the smell is overwhelming and lingers. Have smaller bags, like grocery sacks, next to the trash can. Put the soiled items in the small bag and tie it closed prior to putting it in the larger bag-lined can. Having an automatic air freshener near by also helps. However, the patient may be sensitive to smell so choose a mild scent.
STAY CLOSE TO PATIENT
If you are 24/7 caregiving or just the overnight caregiver, stay close to the patient. Have a recliner or sofa near the patient. You want to be able to see the chest rise and fall and be close enough to observe any facial contortions that may indicate pain. Again, keep in mind that hearing is the last sense to go. Talk to the patient. In a gentle tone indicate that you are going to move their leg, check for fever, administer medication, etc. What you do not want to do is startle them. When you are leaving the room let them know. Some patients may be afraid of being alone, let them know you are just stepping out to go to the bathroom or get a glass of water. To the contrary, the patient may be waiting to be alone to release their final breath. To some it may sound morbid, but I would say out loud that I was leaving the room and “if you decide to go before I return, remember I love you.”
BE TRANSPARENT
I do not encourage sitting around the bed of the patient blubbering, it will only cause the patient undue stress. I do think it is important that your sorrow is shared with your patient. There are mixed studies and beliefs on what I say next, it is my strong belief and how I choose to interact as a caregiver. I believe in giving the patient “permission” to die. Studies point out that many, who loved hard in life, want to be sure that those they are leaving behind will be cared for.
When Daddy was near the end of his journey, I promised him that I would watch out for Mom. I said we would take care of Mom in a way that would please and honor him. I said she would want for nothing. My siblings did the same. When I voiced that to him, even with him being non-responsive, visually I saw him relax in that moment. I have honored that promise and feel it is fulfillment of that promise that I was blessed with walking mom Home.
FINALLY
Allow yourself time to grieve. Once the last breath is expelled the “business end of dying” takes over. If you have not made previous arrangements, you will need to decide which funeral home to use, cremation or burial, the particulars of that choice, etc. Shortly after that, you will start getting calls for payment of hospital bills, etc. You may not have time to mourn because you are so busy but you need to mourn for your health’s sake.
LESSON: The more you do in advance, the easier it will be in the end. If it is your responsibility, choose a funeral home in advance, fine tune the particulars as much as possible. You will be thinking much more clearly in the early days of hospice as opposed to after the journey is complete.